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Introduction to Oil Painting Techniques
Oil paint is an amazing versatile medium. It can be applied in a
thick buttery fashion or thinned down to a watery consistency.
This versatility opens the door to a number of different
painting techniques.
My personal preference is to begin my oil paintings by first
sketching out the composition using acrylic paint or with
water-soluble oil paints. The popular approach to oil painting
is to thin the paint with turpentine to apply your initial
layers. Turpentine is quite toxic and I prefer not to work with
it. Acrylic or water-soluble oil paints can be thinned down with
plain old water and are more pleasant to work with in my
opinion.
You can also begin your oil painting by first drawing out your
composition. There are a few drawing mediums that work quite
nicely with oil paints. My two favorites are vine charcoal and
water-soluble pencils. I prefer vine charcoal because it doesn't
smudge like other charcoals and it can be erased easier.
Water-soluble pencils are wonderful because they can be applied
like ordinary pencils and can be spread around like paint with a
damp brush.
If you are the impatient type, you may want to try your hand at
the Alla Prima oil painting technique. The Alla Prima method is
when you complete the painting in one sitting rather than paint
in layers and wait for the paint to dry. Although I usually
prefer to work out my paintings in layers, I occasionally enjoy
this exciting and spontaneous approach to oil painting.
If you are the careful, patient type of painter, you may be
interested in working with the glazing technique. Glazing has
lost popularity these days, partly
because of the time needed to
complete such a painting and it's difficulty, but the results
are something truly unique to any other type of oil painting
technique. The composition is first painted with an opaque
monochrome underpainting, usually in shades of gray. After this
initial underpainting is thoroughly dry, thin layers of
transparent oil glazes are applied. Colors are not mixed
directly but added in separate layers to get the desired color.
If you are the adventurous type, put the brushes aside and try a
set of painting or palette knives. You can achieve some very
interesting results with knives that aren't possible with
brushes. The oil paint can be spread on thickly and scraped off
with ease. What I enjoy most about using knives is the tendency
to not focus on the small details. I am forced to paint in a
more relaxed fashion that creates an impressionist style
painting. Get yourself a set of painting knives and try to
complete an entire painting with just the knives. It's
challenging at first if you are used to brushes, but it's an
enjoyable exercise.
Perhaps you would like your painting to have more body and
texture. You could try the impasto painting technique and apply
your paint in thick heavy strokes, leaving evidence of all those
wonderfully artistic brush strokes. Take a look at a Van Gogh
painting and you will see this technique in action.
It's really no wonder why oil painting is such a popular choice
for painters. There is so much to discover in oil painting. You
will never get bored trying out all the wonderful tools, mediums
and techniques.
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